The ads were deceptive, but they weren’t trying to con people out of their money–at least not directly. The goal was to sign them up for actual goverment-subsidized health-insurance plans, whether they wanted them or not. People responding to the ads were routed through a network of middlemen to call centers, many of them in South Florida. Telemarketers there would wave off questions about cash giveaways and sign up customers for health insurance instead, sometimes without their knowledge. The plans were free after federal subsidies, but they nevertheless upended many lives. Some people were switched off their old plan without their knowledge, finding out only when they were turned away by a doctor who didn’t accept their new coverage. Others had to repay subsidies they hadn’r actually qualified for. Hundreds of thousands of people complained to federal regulators that they’d been duped.

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